The Ministry of Environmental Protection recently announced the 2010 National Environmental Quality Report. According to the monitoring results of the National Environmental Quality Monitoring Network, in 2010, the national environmental quality remained stable compared with last year.

The surface water is generally moderately polluted. There is no large area of ​​algal bloom in the core lakes and reservoirs. The seawater quality of the coastal waters has declined compared with last year and is slightly polluted. The air quality in core environmental protection cities is basically the same as that of the previous year, and acid rain pollution is still heavy across the country. The quality of the acoustic environment in the core city functional areas remains stable, and noise pollution at night is relatively heavy. Surface water in typical rural areas is moderately polluted and air quality is good.

From the environmental monitoring results, since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the surface water quality across the country has continued to improve, the air quality in core environmental protection cities has improved year by year, the overall ecological environment quality has remained stable, and the environmental quality of core watersheds, core regions and core cities has improved significantly. However, individual local and regional pollution indicators exceed national standards, and pollution is still serious. There is still a gap in the environmental quality of the country compared with developed countries.

The proportion of surface water quality from Ⅰ to Ⅲ increased; 　In 2010, the proportion of water quality of Grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ in national monitoring sections of surface water was 51.9%, which was an increase of 3.7 percentage points from 2009 and an increase of 14.4 percentage points from 2005; inferior The proportion of Grade V water quality sections was 20.8%, which was basically the same as in 2009, and was 6.6 percentage points lower than that in 2005, and reached the target (<22%) of the National Environmental Protection "Eleventh Five-Year Plan".

The annual average concentration of permanganate index (CODMn) in nationally controlled sections of surface water across the country has been declining year by year. In 2010, the annual average concentration of permanganate index decreased by 3.9% compared with 2009 and 31.9% compared with 2005, which is better than National Surface Water Environmental Quality Class III Water Quality Standard. The annual average concentration of ammonia nitrogen in surface water exceeds the Class III water quality standard, which has become an important factor affecting the quality of the water environment. A total of 40 sections in the southwestern rivers, the Haihe River, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other water systems showed excessive levels of heavy metals such as lead and mercury.

The proportion of water quality sections of the seven major water systems I to III was 59.6%, an increase of 2.3 percentage points from 2009 and an increase of 18.6 percentage points from 2005, reaching the target of the National Environmental Protection "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" (> 43%) Claim.

Among the seven major water systems, the main stream of the Yangtze River has good water quality, and the water quality of its tributaries is good. The water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir is excellent, the main stream of the Yellow River is excellent, and the tributaries are heavily polluted. The water quality of the main stream of the Pearl River is good, and the water quality of the tributaries is excellent. The main stream of the Songhua River is slightly polluted, and the tributaries are moderately polluted. The main stream of the Huai River has good water quality, while the tributaries are moderately polluted. The Haihe River system is heavily polluted. The main stream of the Liaohe River is slightly polluted, and the tributaries are moderately polluted.

Among the core lakes, Lake Taihu is heavily polluted and is slightly eutrophic. The comprehensive nutritional status index and the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus have declined compared with 2009. Compared with 2009, the frequency of water blooms decreased from April to June, and water blooms increased from July to August. The lake of Dianchi Lake was heavily polluted and was highly eutrophic, which was aggravated from 2009. Regional water blooms continued to appear from April to August. The body of Chaohu Lake is moderately polluted and slightly eutrophic. From April to August, the occurrence of water blooms has increased compared with 2009. The lake body of Hongze Lake is moderately polluted and belongs to mild eutrophication, while the lake body of Dongting Lake is heavily polluted and belongs to mild eutrophication. The body of Poyang Lake is slightly polluted and is mildly eutrophic. The Danjiangkou Reservoir has good water quality and is moderately nutritious.

In 2010, among the 39 national border rivers monitored, the water quality of the inbound rivers was excellent, and the outbound and boundary rivers were slightly polluted. The main pollution indicators were permanganate index, petroleum and five-day biochemical oxygen demand. Xingkai Lake, the border lake between China and Russia, is slightly polluted, and the main pollution index is total phosphorus. Beier Lake, the border lake between China and Mongolia, is heavily polluted. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total nitrogen.

The water quality of coastal waters has declined

In 2010, the coastal waters across the country were lightly polluted, and the proportion of Class I and II seawater accounted for 62.7%, a decrease of 10.2 percentage points from 2009 and a decrease of 4.5 percentage points from 2005. The proportion of Category 3 seawater is 14.1%, and the proportion of Category 4 and inferior Category 4 seawater is 23.2%. The main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate.

Among the four sea areas, the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea are of good quality, the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea are moderately polluted, and the coastal waters of the East China Sea are heavily polluted. Among the 9 important bays, the Yellow River Estuary and Beibu Gulf have good water quality, Jiaozhou Bay is slightly polluted, Liaodong Bay is moderately polluted, and Bohai Bay, Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay, Minjiang Estuary and Pearl River Estuary are heavily polluted. Among the 11 coastal provinces, Hainan, Guangxi, and Shandong accounted for more than 80% of Class I and Class II seawater, among which the proportion of Hainan Class I and Class II seawater reached 100%.

Urban air quality is improving year by year

In 2010, the proportion of cities with annual average concentration of air pollutants in core environmental protection cities that reached the second-level national ambient air quality standard was 73.5%, an increase of 6.2 percentage points from 2009 and an increase of 30.3 percentage points from 2005. The number of days with good air quality in 95.6% of the core cities exceeded 292 days, an increase of 27.1 percentage points from 2005, meeting the target (>75%) of the National Environmental Protection "Eleventh Five-Year Plan".

In 2010, the average annual concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air of core cities dropped by 2.3% compared with 2009, and the annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particulate matter increased by 2.9% and 1.1%, respectively. Compared with 2005, the annual average concentration of sulfur dioxide and inhalable particulate matter decreased by 26.3% and 12.0%, respectively, and the annual average concentration of nitrogen dioxide was basically the same.

During the World Expo, Shanghai’s air quality was generally good, with 98.4% of good days, an increase of 2.7 percentage points from 2009. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and inhalable particulate matter all reached the second-level standards, reaching the lowest levels over the same period in the past.

During the Asian Games, the air quality in Guangzhou was generally good, with 100% of good days, an increase of 12.5 percentage points from 2009. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and inhalable particulate matter all reached Class II standards, and the air quality was significantly improved.

Acid rain pollution is still heavy

In 2010, the country’s acid rain (with an annual average pH value of less than 5.6) covered an area of ​​about 1.2 million square kilometers, accounting for approximately 12.6% of the country’s land area, which was basically the same as in 2009, down by 1.3 percentage points from 2005, and overall a slight decrease. The areas of heavy acid rain (with annual average pH value lower than 5.0) and heavy acid rain areas (with annual average pH value lower than 4.5) are basically stable. Acid rain is concentrated in areas along and south of the Yangtze River and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There is no obvious change in acid rain distribution areas and acid rain types throughout the country. The main acid-causing substance in precipitation is sulfate.

Urban noise quality remains stable

In 2010, the acoustic environment quality of the environmental protection core urban functional areas remained stable. The noise compliance rate of various functional areas during the day is higher than that at night, and the compliance rate of the three types of functional areas is higher than that of other types of functional areas. Category 4 functional areas (area on both sides of the main traffic line) have serious nighttime noise exceeding the standard, with an exceeding rate of about 62.7%.

The overall ecological index value is on the rise

From 2005 to 2009, the overall national ecological environment quality remained at the "average" level without significant changes. The national ecological environment index (EI) in 2009 increased by 0.5 compared with 2008, and increased compared with 2005. 0.9. The overall EI value shows an upward trend.

Rural air quality is generally good

In 2010, environmental quality monitoring was carried out in 274 rural "reward for governance" villages in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The results show that the air quality is generally good, and the surface water is generally moderately polluted. The main pollution indicators are fecal coliforms, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index. A total of 507 soil samples of 6 types of land use were monitored in 27 provinces, including farmland, vegetable field, surrounding farms, surrounding enterprises, sewage irrigation areas, and surrounding garbage dumps. The over-standard rate is between 11.1% and 42.6%. The main pollution indicators are: Heavy metals, DDT, etc. The soil around the company and farmland are heavily polluted